Using problem solving in research

Problem –solving is an essential and invaluable skill.

Why is problem-solving so important?

All researchers will be faced with challenges with their research.

Your ability to problem-solve will define how you meet these challenges. Like all skills, problem solving can be developed.

A problem or challenge can be defined as an obstacle that stands in between an existing state or condition and a future desired state or condition.
Problems can be described as well-defined or ill-defined. This depends on the clarity around the future desired state, and how to get to it from the current existing state.

In the context of research:

The obstacle represents a gap or discontinuity in a knowledge base in a discipline or between disciplines
The existing state is represented by a question leading to a hypothesis
The desired future state is represented by the verification of the hypothesis through a form of investigation
Despite there being well-established designs and methodological pathways, research by definition is an ill-defined problem.

Problem solving skills are indispensable for facing unpredictable issues and challenges that arise in research
Problem solving helps to deal with uncertainty and growing this skill can lead to greater flexibility
Problem solving fosters the environment for new thinking and creativity, when individual and collective past experiences are not enough to draw on for answers
Problem solving skills are brilliantly transferable across all work sectors – it is a skill that is highly valued, along with other essential skills such as critical and creative thinking, analysis, time management and influence.

Understand the stages of problem solving

Firstly, understand the stages of problem solving by asking yourself these three questions:

Address the root cause of the problem first, not just the symptoms
Perform a ‘root cause analysis’ before the investigation is carried out – this is similar to a risk analysis and involves brainstorming ‘what if’ questions. Then assess all the possible factors related to the ‘what if’ questions that could negatively affect the success of a project.

Draw on help from other researchers and the research community – this knowledge is invaluable when it comes to solving problems
Smaller group discussions can also be useful, as much so as a larger group brainstorm. These can be more immediate and effective because they can spontaneously occur, say during breaks in a research department.

A problem or challenge can be defined as an obstacle that stands in between an existing state or condition and a future desired state or condition.
Problem solving helps to deal with uncertainty and growing this skill can lead to greater flexibility
Perform a ‘root cause analysis’ before the investigation is carried out – this is similar to a risk analysis and involves brainstorming ‘what if’ questions.

Research knowledge and practice

Innovation in research

Information literacy

Disciplinary knowledge

Being curious in research